Uganda: Economic and Political Overview

In this page: Economic Indicators | Foreign Trade in Figures | Sources of General Economic Information | Political Outline | COVID-19 Country Response

Economic Indicators

Uganda is the third-largest economy in East Africa, after Kenya and Tanzania. The country has achieved astonishing economic performances in the last decades and, although slower, growth remains sustained. Between 1992 and 2010, the country experienced average economic growth of 8%, GDP per capita tripled and the poverty rate was cut in half. The Ugandan economy has shown resilience overcoming recent successive challenges, leading to a growth in GDP to 5.3% during FY23, compared to 4.7% in the preceding year (World Bank). Private consumption witnessed growth, but public investment was reduced due to limited fiscal space, and private investment retreated in response to a stringent monetary policy stance throughout the fiscal year. Uganda's economic growth is projected to surpass 6% annually in the medium term as the Bank of Uganda (BOU) implements monetary policy relaxation. Further growth will be driven by the resurgence of tourism, alongside government initiatives to diversify exports and promote agro-industrialization, as well as investments in supporting crude oil exports. However, significant downward risks persist due to disruptions in global financial conditions and increasingly erratic weather patterns.

Benefiting from the government's endeavors towards fiscal consolidation, the fiscal deficit decreased in FY2023. The total deficit, encompassing grants, reduced from 7.4% of GDP in FY2022 to 5.6% in FY2023. This consolidation was primarily propelled by decreased development spending. Fiscal revenue remained broadly unchanged at 14% of GDP, below the target specified in the Domestic Revenue Mobilization Strategy (DRMS). Through fiscal consolidation efforts, the deficit is projected to decrease to approximately 3.4% of GDP in FY2024. In FY2023, the current account deficit stood at 7.9% of GDP, remaining largely stable compared to FY2022. Despite the recovery in goods exports, tourism, and remittances, the deficit was offset by a significant increase in imports (data World Bank). The country’s debt-to-GDP ratio was estimated at 48.3% in 2023 by the IMF, with a minor decline expected over the forecast horizon (to 46.3% by 2025). Following its peak at 10.7% in October 2022, inflation steadily decreased, falling below the Bank of Uganda's (BOU) target of 5% by June 2023. This decline was attributed to lower international commodity prices, fiscal consolidation efforts, and tight monetary policy. Annual headline and core inflation rates stood at 3.5% and 3.3%, respectively. With the consistent trend of low inflation and reduced inflation expectations, the BOU reduced its policy rate to 9.5% in August 2023, down from the 10% level maintained for 10 consecutive months.

Uganda has surpassed the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) of halving poverty by 2015, but the poverty rate has recently increased, also due to the effects of the pandemic. According to the World Bank, enhanced growth has the potential to decrease poverty (assessed at the USD 2.15/day international poverty threshold) from 41.7% in 2023 to 40.7% by 2025. However, the rate of poverty alleviation will hinge on the evolution of food access and affordability, as well as the occurrence of weather-related and environmental shocks, given households' constrained adaptive capabilities. Data from the World Bank shows that unemployment was estimated at 2.9% in 2022; nevertheless, the share of people active in the informal market is still high.

Main Indicators	2022	2023 (E)	2024 (E)	2025 (E)	2026 (E)
GDP (billions USD)	47.57	51.82	56.31	62.06	67.46
GDP (Constant Prices, Annual % Change)	6.3	4.8	5.6	6.5	6.7
GDP per Capita (USD)	1,082	1,139	1,202	1,286	1,351
General Government Gross Debt (in % of GDP)	49.9	49.9	49.7	48.6	46.8
Inflation Rate (%)	7.2	5.4	3.8	4.9	5.0
Current Account (billions USD)	-4.17	-3.97	-4.09	-4.69	-3.87
Current Account (in % of GDP)	-8.8	-7.7	-7.3	-7.6	-5.7

Source: IMF – World Economic Outlook Database , Latest available data

Note: (e) Estimated Data

Main Sectors of Industry

Uganda has considerable natural resources, including fertile soils, regular rainfall, significant reserves of recoverable oil, and small deposits of copper, gold, cobalt, limestone, and other minerals. Agriculture is one of the most important sectors of the economy, employing 66% of the workforce and accounting for 24% of the GDP. As per the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Uganda possesses fertile agricultural land with the capacity to sustainably feed 200 million people. Despite 80% of Uganda's land being arable, only 35% is presently under cultivation. Uganda boasts a diverse range of agricultural products, including coffee, tea, sugar, livestock, fish, edible oils, cotton, tobacco, plantains, corn, beans, cassava, sweet potatoes, millet, sorghum, and groundnuts. However, the full commercial potential of the sector is hindered by farmers' limited access to fertilizer and high-quality seeds, as well as a lack of irrigation infrastructure, leaving production susceptible to adverse weather conditions and pest outbreaks.

The country’s industrial sector is small and is dependent on imported inputs such as refined oil and heavy equipment. A number of supply-side constraints, including insufficient infrastructure, lack of modern technology, and corruption, hamper productivity. The sector contributes to 26.8% of GDP but employs only 7% of the workforce. The most important sectors are the processing of agricultural products, the manufacture of light consumer goods and textiles, and the production of beverages, electricity, and cement. Most industries are small, local firms with limited manufacturing added value, while the larger industries in the country are predominantly foreign-owned. The manufacturing sector as a whole accounts for 16% of GDP (World Bank).

The services sector in Uganda represents 41.7% of GDP and employs 26% of the active population; however, it is detached from primary sectors like agriculture and manufacturing, thus lacking the ability to spur economic growth. The ICT sector is one of Uganda’s fastest-growing sectors, recording double-digit growth over the last few years, largely driven by the telecommunications sector. Concerning the tourism sector, available data indicates that, for the first time since the COVID-19 pandemic began, international tourist arrivals surpassed the one million mark in 2023, compared to 814,508 in 2022 and 473,085 in 2021. This surge in arrivals has led to a record-breaking revenue for the tourism sector, reaching UGX 105 billion in the 12 months leading up to June 2023.

Breakdown of Economic Activity By Sector	Agriculture	Industry	Services
Employment By Sector (in % of Total Employment)	62.9	9.5	27.6
Value Added (in % of GDP)	24.1	26.8	41.6
Value Added (Annual % Change)	4.4	5.1	4.1

Source: World Bank - Latest available data.

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Monetary Indicators	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Uganda Shilling (UGX) - Average Annual Exchange Rate For 1 MUR	96.23	104.73	109.83	105.26	94.42

Source: World Bank - Latest available data.

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Indicator of Economic Freedom

Definition

Definition:

The Economic freedom index measure ten components of economic freedom, grouped into four broad categories or pillars of economic freedom: Rule of Law (property rights, freedom from corruption); Limited Government (fiscal freedom, government spending); Regulatory Efficiency (business freedom, labour freedom, monetary freedom); and Open Markets (trade freedom, investment freedom, financial freedom). Each of the freedoms within these four broad categories is individually scored on a scale of 0 to 100. A country’s overall economic freedom score is a simple average of its scores on the 10 individual freedoms.

Score:: 58,6/100
World Rank:: 106
Regional Rank:: 14

Economic freedom in the world (interactive map)
Source: Index of Economic Freedom, Heritage Foundation

Country Risk

See the country risk analysis provided by Coface.

Foreign Trade in Figures

Uganda is open to foreign trade, which accounts for 35% of its GDP (World Bank). The country is a member of numerous international organizations, such as the WTO, COMESA, EAC (East African Community), ESAAMLG (anti-money laundering group in Eastern and Southern Africa), and IGAD (Intergovernmental Authority for the Development of the Horn of Africa States). Uganda mainly exports coffee (24.0%), fish and fish products (4.1%), beans and other legumes (3.8%), sugar and sugar confectionery (3.8%), iron and steel (3.4%), animal/vegetable fats & oils (3.3%); whereas imports are led by petroleum (17.9%), medicaments (7.3%), road vehicles (7.2%), iron and steel (6.6%), cereals (5.2%), and plastics (5.2% - data Uganda Bureau of Statistics).

According to the latest figures available by the Uganda Bureau of Statistics, in 2022, China (19.4%), India (13.2%), the United Arab Emirates (11.8%), Kenya (8.7%), Saudi Arabia (4.9%), Japan (4.6%), and Tanzania (4.2%) were the main import partners; whereas exports were mostly directed towards Kenya (16.9%), South Sudan (16.6%), D.R. Congo (15.7%), Italy (6.6%), Tanzania (4.3%), and Germany (4.3%). The country's trade policy aims to encourage cooperation and integration in East Africa to stimulate production and increase export earnings. Tariffs are not very high and the country has few non-tariff barriers to trade. However, corruption and underdeveloped infrastructure remain major obstacles to trade. The political situation in South Sudan, one of the country's main trading partners with Kenya, continues to affect trade flows.

Uganda's trade balance is structurally in deficit. In 2022, exports of goods decreased to USD 3.9 billion (from 4.1 one year earlier), while imports reached USD 9.3 billion (+6.5% y-o-y). As for services, exports totaled USD 1.7 billion, while imports amounted to USD 3.2 billion. The overall trade balance was estimated to be in deficit by 10.5% of GDP by the World Bank (compared to 10.2% one year earlier). According to preliminary data by UBS, in the first nine months of 2023, Uganda’s exports totaled USD 5 billion, whereas imports stood at USD 8.8 billion.

Foreign Trade Indicators	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Imports of Goods (million USD)	7,696	8,251	9,086	9,732	12,159
Exports of Goods (million USD)	3,564	4,149	3,965	3,772	6,162
Imports of Services (million USD)	2,945	3,111	3,146	3,198	3,591
Exports of Services (million USD)	2,076	1,160	1,737	1,840	2,049
Imports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change)	7.1	0.4	18.9	-8.0	n/a
Exports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change)	4.3	-1.2	0.2	-19.8	n/a
Imports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP)	22.3	21.6	25.9	22.5	n/a
Exports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP)	17.1	15.4	15.8	12.0	n/a
Trade Balance (million USD)	-2,755	-2,637	-3,046	n/a	n/a
Trade Balance (Including Service) (million USD)	-3,623	-4,635	-4,527	n/a	n/a
Foreign Trade (in % of GDP)	39.4	37.0	41.7	34.5	n/a

Source: WTO – World Trade Organisation ; World Bank , Latest Available Data

Main Partner Countries

Main Customers (% of Exports)	2021
United Arab Emirates	26.8%
Kenya	13.3%
South Sudan	12.2%
Democratic Republic of Congo	8.6%
Italy	5.3%
Germany	3.3%
Tanzania	2.7%
Netherlands	2.6%
Belgium	2.2%
India	2.1%
United States	1.9%
Burundi	1.8%
Algeria	1.5%
Spain	1.2%
China	1.0%
Hong Kong SAR, China	0.9%
Morocco	0.8%
Switzerland	0.7%
Türkiye	0.7%
Indonesia	0.7%
See More Countries	33.9%

Main Suppliers (% of Imports)	2021
China	18.2%
India	11.6%
Tanzania	9.0%
United Arab Emirates	8.9%
Kenya	8.5%
Japan	4.3%
Saudi Arabia	3.7%
Malaysia	3.0%
Netherlands	2.6%
Zimbabwe	2.4%
South Africa	2.4%
Indonesia	1.9%
United States	1.9%
Gambia	1.6%
Egypt	1.5%
Belgium	1.5%
Germany	1.4%
Russia	1.0%
United Kingdom	1.0%
Türkiye	0.8%
See More Countries	43.8%

Source: Comtrade, Latest Available Data

Main Products

4.0 bn USD of products exported in 2021
Gold, incl. gold plated with platinum, unwrought...Gold, incl. gold plated with platinum, unwrought or not further worked than semi-manufactured or in powder form	26.0%
Coffee, whether or not roasted or decaffeinated;...Coffee, whether or not roasted or decaffeinated; coffee husks and skins; coffee substitutes containing coffee in any proportion	18.1%
Cocoa beans, whole or broken, raw or roastedCocoa beans, whole or broken, raw or roasted	2.7%
Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous...Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals (excl. crude); preparations containing >= 70% by weight of petroleum oils or of oils obtained from bituminous minerals, these oils being the basic constituents of the preparations, n.e.s.; waste oils containing mainly petroleum or bituminous minerals	2.5%
Dried leguminous vegetables, shelled, whether or...Dried leguminous vegetables, shelled, whether or not skinned or split	2.5%
Cane or beet sugar and chemically pure sucrose, in...Cane or beet sugar and chemically pure sucrose, in solid form	2.4%
Cement, incl. cement clinkers, whether or not...Cement, incl. cement clinkers, whether or not coloured	2.2%
Tea, whether or not flavouredTea, whether or not flavoured	2.1%
Fish fillets and other fish meat, whether or not...Fish fillets and other fish meat, whether or not minced, fresh, chilled or frozen	1.8%
Live plants incl. their roots, cuttings and slips;...Live plants incl. their roots, cuttings and slips; mushroom spawn (excl. bulbs, tubers, tuberous roots, corms, crowns and rhizomes, and chicory plants and roots)	1.6%
Palm oil and its fractions, whether or not refined...Palm oil and its fractions, whether or not refined (excl. chemically modified)	1.5%
Milk and cream, not concentrated nor containing...Milk and cream, not concentrated nor containing added sugar or other sweetening matter	1.1%
Unmanufactured tobacco; tobacco refuseUnmanufactured tobacco; tobacco refuse	1.1%
Wheat or meslin flourWheat or meslin flour	1.0%
Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel,...Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width >= 600 mm, hot-rolled or cold-rolled "cold-reduced", clad, plated or coated	1.0%
Fish, fit for human consumption, dried, salted or...Fish, fit for human consumption, dried, salted or in brine; smoked fish, fit for human consumption, whether or not cooked before or during the smoking process; flours, meals and pellets of fish, fit for human consumption	0.9%
Bars and rods, of iron or non-alloy steel, not...Bars and rods, of iron or non-alloy steel, not further worked than forged, hot-rolled, hot-drawn or hot-extruded, but incl. those twisted after rolling (excl. in irregularly wound coils)	0.9%
Medicaments consisting of mixed or unmixed...Medicaments consisting of mixed or unmixed products for therapeutic or prophylactic uses, put up in measured doses "incl. those in the form of transdermal administration" or in forms or packings for retail sale (excl. goods of heading 3002, 3005 or 3006)	0.9%
Electrical energyElectrical energy	0.9%
Other oil seeds and oleaginous fruits, whether or...Other oil seeds and oleaginous fruits, whether or not broken (excl. edible nuts, olives, soya beans, groundnuts, copra, linseed, rape or colza seeds and sunflower seeds)	0.9%
Beer made from maltBeer made from malt	0.8%
Tubes, pipes and hollow profiles "e.g., open seam...Tubes, pipes and hollow profiles "e.g., open seam or welded, riveted or similarly closed", of iron or steel (excl. of cast iron, seamless tubes and pipes and tubes having internal and external circular cross-sections and an external diameter of > 406,4 mm)	0.7%
Milk and cream, concentrated or containing added...Milk and cream, concentrated or containing added sugar or other sweetening matter	0.7%
Cereal flours (excl. wheat or meslin)Cereal flours (excl. wheat or meslin)	0.7%
Maize or cornMaize or corn	0.7%
Waters, incl. mineral waters and aerated waters,...Waters, incl. mineral waters and aerated waters, containing added sugar or other sweetening matter or flavoured, and other non-alcoholic beverages (excl. fruit or vegetable juices and milk)	0.7%
Motorcycles, incl. mopeds, and cycles fitted with...Motorcycles, incl. mopeds, and cycles fitted with an auxiliary motor, with or without side-cars; side-cars	0.6%
Plywood, veneered panel and similar laminated wood...Plywood, veneered panel and similar laminated wood (excl. sheets of compressed wood, cellular wood panels, parquet panels or sheets, inlaid wood and sheets identifiable as furniture components)	0.6%
Undenatured ethyl alcohol of an alcoholic strength...Undenatured ethyl alcohol of an alcoholic strength of >= 80%; ethyl alcohol and other spirits, denatured, of any strength	0.6%
Animal or vegetable fats and oils and their...Animal or vegetable fats and oils and their fractions, partly or wholly hydrogenated, inter-esterified, re-esterified or elaidinised, whether or not refined, but not further prepared	0.6%
Soap; organic surface-active products and...Soap; organic surface-active products and preparations for use as soap, in the form of bars, cakes, moulded pieces or shapes, whether or not containing soap; organic surface-active products and preparations for washing the skin, in the form of liquid or cream and put up for retail sale, whether or not containing soap; paper, wadding, felt and nonwovens, impregnated, coated or covered with soap or detergent	0.5%
Articles for the conveyance or packaging of goods,...Articles for the conveyance or packaging of goods, of plastics; stoppers, lids, caps and other closures, of plastics	0.5%
Bran, sharps and other residues, whether or not in...Bran, sharps and other residues, whether or not in the form of pellets, derived from the sifting, milling or other working of cereals or of leguminous plants	0.5%
Self-propelled bulldozers, angledozers, graders,...Self-propelled bulldozers, angledozers, graders, levellers, scrapers, mechanical shovels, excavators, shovel loaders, tamping machines and roadrollers	0.5%
Grain sorghumGrain sorghum	0.4%
Motor vehicles for the transport of goods, incl....Motor vehicles for the transport of goods, incl. chassis with engine and cab	0.4%
Oilcake and other solid residues, whether or not...Oilcake and other solid residues, whether or not ground or in the form of pellets, resulting from the extraction of soya-bean oil	0.4%
Sunflower-seed, safflower or cotton-seed oil and...Sunflower-seed, safflower or cotton-seed oil and fractions thereof, whether or not refined, but not chemically modified	0.4%
Live bovine animalsLive bovine animals	0.4%
Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally...Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons, incl. station wagons and racing cars (excl. motor vehicles of heading 8702)	0.4%
Manufactured tobacco and manufactured tobacco...Manufactured tobacco and manufactured tobacco substitutes and "homogenised" or "reconstituted" tobacco, tobacco extracts and tobacco essences (excl. cigars, incl. cheroots, cigarillos and cigarettes)	0.4%
Unglazed ceramic flags and paving, hearth or wall...Unglazed ceramic flags and paving, hearth or wall tiles; unglazed ceramic mosaic cubes and the like, whether or not on a backing (excl. of siliceous fossil meals or similar siliceous earths, refractory ceramic goods, tiles specially adapted as table mats, ornamental articles and tiles specifically manufactured for stoves)	0.4%
Undenatured ethyl alcohol of an alcoholic strength...Undenatured ethyl alcohol of an alcoholic strength of < 80%; spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages (excl. compound alcoholic preparations of a kind used for the manufacture of beverages)	0.4%
Beauty or make-up preparations and preparations...Beauty or make-up preparations and preparations for the care of the skin, incl. sunscreen or suntan preparations (excl. medicaments); manicure or pedicure preparations	0.4%
Cereal grains otherwise worked, e.g. hulled,...Cereal grains otherwise worked, e.g. hulled, rolled, flaked, pearled, sliced or kibbled; germ of cereals, whole, rolled, flaked or ground (excl. cereal flours, and husked and semi- or wholly milled rice and broken rice)	0.3%
Carboys, bottles, flasks, jars, pots, phials,...Carboys, bottles, flasks, jars, pots, phials, ampoules and other containers, of glass, of a kind used for the conveyance or packing of goods, preserving jars, stoppers, lids and other closures, of glass (excl. glass envelopes and containers, with vacuum insulation, perfume atomizers, flasks, bottles etc. for atomizers)	0.3%
Iron ores and concentrates, incl. roasted iron...Iron ores and concentrates, incl. roasted iron pyrites	0.3%
Malt extract; food preparations of flour, groats,...Malt extract; food preparations of flour, groats, meal, starch or malt extract, not containing cocoa or containing < 40% by weight of cocoa calculated on a totally defatted basis, n.e.s.; food preparations of milk, cream, butter milk, sour milk, sour cream, whey, yogurt, kephir, and similar goods of heading 0401 to 0404, not containing cocoa or containing < 5% by weight of cocoa calculated on a totally defatted basis, n.e.s.	0.3%
Cotton, neither carded nor combedCotton, neither carded nor combed	0.3%
Butter, incl. dehydrated butter and ghee, and...Butter, incl. dehydrated butter and ghee, and other fats and oils derived from milk; dairy spreads	0.3%
Cigars, cheroots, cigarillos and cigarettes of...Cigars, cheroots, cigarillos and cigarettes of tobacco or of tobacco substitutes	0.3%
Parts of aircraft and spacecraft of heading 8801...Parts of aircraft and spacecraft of heading 8801 or 8802, n.e.s.	0.3%
Vegetables, uncooked or cooked by steaming or...Vegetables, uncooked or cooked by steaming or boiling in water, frozen	0.3%
Nails, tacks, drawing pins, corrugated nails,...Nails, tacks, drawing pins, corrugated nails, staples and similar articles of iron or steel, whether or not with heads of other material (excl. such articles with heads of copper and staples in strips)	0.3%
Preparations for use on the hairPreparations for use on the hair	0.3%
New pneumatic tyres, of rubberNew pneumatic tyres, of rubber	0.2%
Bread, pastry, cakes, biscuits and other bakers'...Bread, pastry, cakes, biscuits and other bakers' wares, whether or not containing cocoa; communion wafers, empty cachets of a kind suitable for pharmaceutical use, sealing wafers, rice paper and similar products	0.2%
Gelatin, whether or not in square or rectangular...Gelatin, whether or not in square or rectangular sheets, whether or not surface-worked or coloured, and gelatin derivatives; isinglass; other glues of animal origin (excl. those packaged as glue for retail sale and weighing net <= 1 kg, and casein glues of heading 3501)	0.2%
Mattress supports (excl. spring interiors for...Mattress supports (excl. spring interiors for seats); articles of bedding and similar furnishing, e.g. mattresses, quilts, eiderdowns, cushions, pouffes and pillows, fitted with springs or stuffed or internally filled with any material or of cellular rubber or plastics, whether or not covered (excl. pneumatic or water mattresses and pillows, blankets and covers)	0.2%
VanillaVanilla	0.2%
Cotton, carded or combedCotton, carded or combed	0.2%
Soya beans, whether or not brokenSoya beans, whether or not broken	0.2%
Tanned or crust hides and skins of bovine "incl....Tanned or crust hides and skins of bovine "incl. buffalo" or equine animals, without hair on, whether or not split (excl. further prepared)	0.2%
Fibreboard of wood or other ligneous materials,...Fibreboard of wood or other ligneous materials, whether or not agglomerated with resins or other organic bonding agents (excl. particle board, whether or not bonded with one or more sheets of fibreboard; laminated wood with a layer of plywood; composite panels with outer layers of fibreboard; paperboard; furniture components identifiable as such)	0.2%
Sacks and bags, of a kind used for the packing of...Sacks and bags, of a kind used for the packing of goods, of all types of textile materials	0.2%
Cartons, boxes, cases, bags and other packing...Cartons, boxes, cases, bags and other packing containers, of paper, paperboard, cellulose wadding or webs of cellulose fibres, n.e.s.; box files, letter trays, and similar articles, of paperboard of a kind used in offices, shops or the like	0.2%
Casein, caseinates and other casein derivatives;...Casein, caseinates and other casein derivatives; casein glues (excl. those packaged as glue for retail sale and weighing net <= 1 kg)	0.2%
Paper or paperboard labels of all kinds, whether...Paper or paperboard labels of all kinds, whether or not printed	0.2%
Wigs, false beards, eyebrows and eyelashes,...Wigs, false beards, eyebrows and eyelashes, switches and the like, of human or animal hair or of textile materials; articles of human hair, n.e.s.	0.2%
Salts, incl. table salt and denatured salt, and...Salts, incl. table salt and denatured salt, and pure sodium chloride, whether or not in aqueous solution or containing added anti-caking or free-flowing agents; sea water	0.2%
Angles, shapes and sections of iron or non-alloy...Angles, shapes and sections of iron or non-alloy steel, n.e.s.	0.2%
Tomatoes, prepared or preserved otherwise than by...Tomatoes, prepared or preserved otherwise than by vinegar or acetic acid	0.2%
Footwear with outer soles and uppers of rubber or...Footwear with outer soles and uppers of rubber or plastics (excl. waterproof footwear of heading 6401, orthopaedic footwear, skating boots with ice or roller skates attached, and toy footwear)	0.2%
Tubes, pipes and hoses, and fittings therefor, e.g...Tubes, pipes and hoses, and fittings therefor, e.g. joints, elbows, flanges, of plastics	0.1%
Polyacetals, other polyethers and epoxide resins,...Polyacetals, other polyethers and epoxide resins, in primary forms; polycarbonates, alkyd resins, polyallyl esters and other polyesters, in primary forms	0.1%
Paints and varnishes, incl. enamels and lacquers,...Paints and varnishes, incl. enamels and lacquers, based on synthetic polymers or chemically modified natural polymers, dispersed or dissolved in a non-aqueous medium; solutions of products of headings 3901 to 3913 in volatile organic solvents, containing > 50% solvent by weight (excl. solutions of collodion)	0.1%
Frozen fish (excl. fish fillets and other fish...Frozen fish (excl. fish fillets and other fish meat of heading 0304)	0.1%
RiceRice	0.1%
Pepper of the genus piper; dried or crushed or...Pepper of the genus piper; dried or crushed or ground fruits of the genus capsicum or of the genus pimenta	0.1%
Waste, parings and scrap, of plasticsWaste, parings and scrap, of plastics	0.1%
Wire of iron or non-alloy steel, in coils (excl....Wire of iron or non-alloy steel, in coils (excl. bars and rods)	0.1%
Vermiculite, perlite and other mineral substances,...Vermiculite, perlite and other mineral substances, n.e.s.	0.1%
Live poultry, "fowls of the species gallus...Live poultry, "fowls of the species gallus domesticus, ducks, geese, turkeys and guinea fowls"	0.1%
Cut flowers and flower buds of a kind suitable for...Cut flowers and flower buds of a kind suitable for bouquets or for ornamental purposes, fresh, dried, dyed, bleached, impregnated or otherwise prepared	0.1%
Sauce and preparations therefor; mixed condiments...Sauce and preparations therefor; mixed condiments and mixed seasonings; mustard flour and meal, whether or not prepared, and mustard	0.1%
Insecticides, rodenticides, fungicides, herbicides...Insecticides, rodenticides, fungicides, herbicides, anti-sprouting products and plant-growth regulators, disinfectants and similar products, put up for retail sale or as preparations or articles, e.g. sulphur-treated bands, wicks and candles, and fly-papers	0.1%
Tanned or crust hides and skins of goats or kids,...Tanned or crust hides and skins of goats or kids, pigs, reptiles and other animals, without wool on, and leather of hairless animals, whether or not split (excl. further prepared and leather of bovine and equine animals, sheep and lambs)	0.1%
Fish, fresh or chilled (excl. fish fillets and...Fish, fresh or chilled (excl. fish fillets and other fish meat of heading 0304)	0.1%
Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel,...Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width >= 600 mm, hot-rolled, not clad, plated or coated	0.1%
Sugar confectionery not containing cocoa, incl....Sugar confectionery not containing cocoa, incl. white chocolate	0.1%
See More Products	48.2%

9.1 bn USD of products imported in 2021
Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous...Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals (excl. crude); preparations containing >= 70% by weight of petroleum oils or of oils obtained from bituminous minerals, these oils being the basic constituents of the preparations, n.e.s.; waste oils containing mainly petroleum or bituminous minerals	13.6%
Gold, incl. gold plated with platinum, unwrought...Gold, incl. gold plated with platinum, unwrought or not further worked than semi-manufactured or in powder form	12.0%
Palm oil and its fractions, whether or not refined...Palm oil and its fractions, whether or not refined (excl. chemically modified)	4.0%
Medicaments consisting of mixed or unmixed...Medicaments consisting of mixed or unmixed products for therapeutic or prophylactic uses, put up in measured doses "incl. those in the form of transdermal administration" or in forms or packings for retail sale (excl. goods of heading 3002, 3005 or 3006)	3.2%
RiceRice	2.5%
Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel,...Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width >= 600 mm, hot-rolled, not clad, plated or coated	2.3%
Wheat and meslinWheat and meslin	2.2%
Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally...Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons, incl. station wagons and racing cars (excl. motor vehicles of heading 8702)	2.0%
Motor vehicles for the transport of goods, incl....Motor vehicles for the transport of goods, incl. chassis with engine and cab	2.0%
Cement, incl. cement clinkers, whether or not...Cement, incl. cement clinkers, whether or not coloured	1.8%
Human blood; animal blood prepared for therapeutic...Human blood; animal blood prepared for therapeutic, prophylactic or diagnostic uses; antisera and other blood fractions and immunological products, whether or not modified or obtained by means of biotechnological processes; vaccines, toxins, cultures of micro-organisms (excl. yeasts) and similar products	1.7%
Motorcycles, incl. mopeds, and cycles fitted with...Motorcycles, incl. mopeds, and cycles fitted with an auxiliary motor, with or without side-cars; side-cars	1.5%
Polymers of ethylene, in primary formsPolymers of ethylene, in primary forms	1.4%
Telephone sets, incl. telephones for cellular...Telephone sets, incl. telephones for cellular networks or for other wireless networks; other apparatus for the transmission or reception of voice, images or other data, incl. apparatus for communication in a wired or wireless network [such as a local or wide area network]; parts thereof (excl. than transmission or reception apparatus of heading 8443, 8525, 8527 or 8528)	1.4%
Polyacetals, other polyethers and epoxide resins,...Polyacetals, other polyethers and epoxide resins, in primary forms; polycarbonates, alkyd resins, polyallyl esters and other polyesters, in primary forms	1.3%
Flat-rolled products of alloy steel other than...Flat-rolled products of alloy steel other than stainless, of a width of >= 600 mm, hot-rolled or cold-rolled "cold-reduced"	1.1%
Preparations of a kind used in animal feedingPreparations of a kind used in animal feeding	1.1%
Diagnostic or laboratory reagents on a backing,...Diagnostic or laboratory reagents on a backing, prepared diagnostic or laboratory reagents whether or not on a backing, and certified reference materials (excl. compound diagnostic reagents designed to be administered to the patient, blood-grouping reagents, animal blood prepared for therapeutic, prophylactic or diagnostic uses and vaccines, toxins, cultures of micro-organisms and similar products)	1.1%
Worn clothing and clothing accessories, blankets...Worn clothing and clothing accessories, blankets and travelling rugs, household linen and articles for interior furnishing, of all types of textile materials, incl. all types of footwear and headgear, showing signs of appreciable wear and presented in bulk or in bales, sacks or similar packings (excl. carpets, other floor coverings and tapestries)	1.1%
Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel,...Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width >= 600 mm, hot-rolled or cold-rolled "cold-reduced", clad, plated or coated	1.0%
Bars and rods of iron or non-alloy steel,...Bars and rods of iron or non-alloy steel, hot-rolled, in irregularly wound coils	1.0%
Tanks and other armoured fighting vehicles,...Tanks and other armoured fighting vehicles, motorised, whether or not fitted with weapons, and parts of such vehicles, n.e.s.	1.0%
Self-propelled bulldozers, angledozers, graders,...Self-propelled bulldozers, angledozers, graders, levellers, scrapers, mechanical shovels, excavators, shovel loaders, tamping machines and roadrollers	0.9%
Insecticides, rodenticides, fungicides, herbicides...Insecticides, rodenticides, fungicides, herbicides, anti-sprouting products and plant-growth regulators, disinfectants and similar products, put up for retail sale or as preparations or articles, e.g. sulphur-treated bands, wicks and candles, and fly-papers	0.8%
Polymers of propylene or of other olefins, in...Polymers of propylene or of other olefins, in primary forms	0.8%
Mixtures of odoriferous substances and mixtures,...Mixtures of odoriferous substances and mixtures, incl. alcoholic solutions, based on one or more of these substances, of a kind used as raw materials in industry; other preparations based on odoriferous substances, of a kind used for the manufacture of beverages	0.7%
New pneumatic tyres, of rubberNew pneumatic tyres, of rubber	0.7%
Automatic data-processing machines and units...Automatic data-processing machines and units thereof; magnetic or optical readers, machines for transcribing data onto data media in coded form and machines for processing such data, n.e.s.	0.7%
Cane or beet sugar and chemically pure sucrose, in...Cane or beet sugar and chemically pure sucrose, in solid form	0.6%
Instruments and appliances used in medical,...Instruments and appliances used in medical, surgical, dental or veterinary sciences, incl. scintigraphic apparatus, other electro-medical apparatus and sight-testing instruments, n.e.s.	0.6%
Tractors (other than tractors of heading 8709)Tractors (other than tractors of heading 8709)	0.5%
Machinery for sorting, screening, separating,...Machinery for sorting, screening, separating, washing, crushing, grinding, mixing or kneading earth, stone, ores or other mineral substances, in solid, incl. powder or paste, form; machinery for agglomerating, shaping or moulding solid mineral fuels, ceramic paste, unhardened cements, plastering materials or other mineral products in powder or paste form; machines for forming foundry moulds of sand; parts thereof	0.5%
Parts of aircraft and spacecraft of heading 8801...Parts of aircraft and spacecraft of heading 8801 or 8802, n.e.s.	0.5%
Ferrous waste and scrap; remelting scrap ingots of...Ferrous waste and scrap; remelting scrap ingots of iron or steel (excl. slag, scale and other waste from the production of iron or steel; radioactive waste and scrap; fragments of pigs, blocks or other primary forms of pig iron or spiegeleisen)	0.5%
Electrical transformers, static converters, e.g....Electrical transformers, static converters, e.g. rectifiers, and inductors; parts thereof	0.4%
Structures and parts of structures "e.g., bridges...Structures and parts of structures "e.g., bridges and bridge-sections, lock-gates, towers, lattice masts, roofs, roofing frameworks, doors and windows and their frames and thresholds for doors, shutters, balustrades, pillars and columns", of iron or steel; plates, rods, angles, shapes, sections, tubes and the like, prepared for use in structures, of iron or steel (excl. prefabricated buildings of heading 9406)	0.4%
Footwear with outer soles and uppers of rubber or...Footwear with outer soles and uppers of rubber or plastics (excl. waterproof footwear of heading 6401, orthopaedic footwear, skating boots with ice or roller skates attached, and toy footwear)	0.4%
Machinery, not specified or included elsewhere in...Machinery, not specified or included elsewhere in this chapter, for the industrial preparation or manufacture of food or drink (other than machinery for the extraction or preparation of animal or fixed vegetable fats or oils); parts thereof	0.4%
Heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen hetero-atom[s...Heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen hetero-atom[s] only	0.4%
Semi-finished products of iron or non-alloy steelSemi-finished products of iron or non-alloy steel	0.4%
Sanitary towels (pads) and tampons, napkins and...Sanitary towels (pads) and tampons, napkins and napkin liners for babies, and similar articles, of any material	0.4%
Machines and mechanical appliances having...Machines and mechanical appliances having individual functions, not specified or included elsewhere in this chapter; parts thereof	0.4%
Insulated "incl. enamelled or anodised" wire,...Insulated "incl. enamelled or anodised" wire, cable "incl. coaxial cable" and other insulated electric conductors, whether or not fitted with connectors; optical fibre cables, made up of individually sheathed fibres, whether or not assembled with electric conductors or fitted with connectors	0.3%
Electric accumulators, incl. separators therefor,...Electric accumulators, incl. separators therefor, whether or not square or rectangular; parts thereof (excl. spent and those of unhardened rubber or textiles)	0.3%
Polymers of vinyl chloride or of other halogenated...Polymers of vinyl chloride or of other halogenated olefins, in primary forms	0.3%
Plates, sheets, film, foil and strip, of...Plates, sheets, film, foil and strip, of non-cellular plastics, not reinforced, laminated, supported or similarly combined with other materials, without backing, unworked or merely surface-worked or merely cut into squares or rectangles (excl. self-adhesive products, and floor, wall and ceiling coverings of heading 3918)	0.3%
Machinery for working rubber or plastics or for...Machinery for working rubber or plastics or for the manufacture of products from these materials, not specified or included elsewhere in this chapter, parts thereof	0.3%
Articles for the conveyance or packaging of goods,...Articles for the conveyance or packaging of goods, of plastics; stoppers, lids, caps and other closures, of plastics	0.3%
Uncoated kraft paper and paperboard, in rolls of a...Uncoated kraft paper and paperboard, in rolls of a width > 36 cm or in square or rectangular sheets with one side > 36 cm and the other side > 15 cm in the unfolded state (excl. goods of heading 4802 or 4803)	0.3%
Salts, incl. table salt and denatured salt, and...Salts, incl. table salt and denatured salt, and pure sodium chloride, whether or not in aqueous solution or containing added anti-caking or free-flowing agents; sea water	0.3%
Monitors and projectors, not incorporating...Monitors and projectors, not incorporating television reception apparatus; reception apparatus for television, whether or not incorporating radio-broadcast receivers or sound or video recording or reproducing apparatus	0.3%
Electric generating sets and rotary convertersElectric generating sets and rotary converters	0.3%
Uncoated paper and paperboard, of a kind used for...Uncoated paper and paperboard, of a kind used for writing, printing or other graphic purposes, and non-perforated punchcards and punch-tape paper, in rolls or in square or rectangular sheets, of any size, and handmade paper and paperboard (excl. newsprint of heading 4801 and paper of heading 4803)	0.3%
Mineral or chemical fertilisers containing two or...Mineral or chemical fertilisers containing two or three of the fertilising elements nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; other fertilisers (excl. pure animal or vegetable fertilisers or mineral or chemical nitrogenous, phosphatic or potassic fertilisers); animal, vegetable, mineral or chemical fertilisers in tablets or similar forms or in packages of a gross weight of <= 10 kg	0.3%
Special purpose motor vehicles (other than those...Special purpose motor vehicles (other than those principally designed for the transport of persons or goods), e.g. breakdown lorries, crane lorries, fire fighting vehicles, concrete-mixer lorries, road sweeper lorries, spraying lorries, mobile workshops and mobile radiological units	0.3%
Unglazed ceramic flags and paving, hearth or wall...Unglazed ceramic flags and paving, hearth or wall tiles; unglazed ceramic mosaic cubes and the like, whether or not on a backing (excl. of siliceous fossil meals or similar siliceous earths, refractory ceramic goods, tiles specially adapted as table mats, ornamental articles and tiles specifically manufactured for stoves)	0.3%
Diodes, transistors and similar semiconductor...Diodes, transistors and similar semiconductor devices; photosensitive semiconductor devices, incl. photovoltaic cells whether or not assembled in modules or made up into panels (excl. photovotaic generators); light emitting diodes; mounted piezoelectric crystals; parts thereof	0.3%
Organic surface-active agents (excl. soap);...Organic surface-active agents (excl. soap); surface-active preparations, washing preparations, incl. auxiliary washing preparations, and cleaning preparations, whether or not containing soap (excl. those of heading 3401)	0.2%
Woven fabrics containing predominantly, but < 85%...Woven fabrics containing predominantly, but < 85% synthetic staple fibres by weight, mixed principally or solely with cotton and weighing <= 170 g/m²	0.2%
Dishwashing machines; machinery for cleaning or...Dishwashing machines; machinery for cleaning or drying bottles or other containers; machinery for filling, closing, sealing or labelling bottles, cans, boxes, bags or other containers; machinery for capsuling bottles, jars, tubes and similar containers; other packing or wrapping machinery, incl. heat-shrink wrapping machinery; machinery for aerating beverages; parts thereof	0.2%
Parts and accessories for tractors, motor vehicles...Parts and accessories for tractors, motor vehicles for the transport of ten or more persons, motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons, motor vehicles for the transport of goods and special purpose motor vehicles of heading 8701 to 8705, n.e.s.	0.2%
Sugar confectionery not containing cocoa, incl....Sugar confectionery not containing cocoa, incl. white chocolate	0.2%
Motor vehicles for the transport of >= 10 persons,...Motor vehicles for the transport of >= 10 persons, incl. driver	0.2%
Printed books, brochures and similar printed...Printed books, brochures and similar printed matter, whether or not in single sheets (excl. periodicals and publications which are essentially devoted to advertising)	0.2%
Carboys, bottles, flasks, jars, pots, phials,...Carboys, bottles, flasks, jars, pots, phials, ampoules and other containers, of glass, of a kind used for the conveyance or packing of goods, preserving jars, stoppers, lids and other closures, of glass (excl. glass envelopes and containers, with vacuum insulation, perfume atomizers, flasks, bottles etc. for atomizers)	0.2%
Printing machinery used for printing by means of...Printing machinery used for printing by means of plates, cylinders and other printing components of heading 8442 (excl. hectograph or stencil duplicating machines, addressing machines and other office printing machines of heading 8469 to 8472); other printers, copying machines and facsimile machines, whether or not combined; parts thereof	0.2%
Petroleum gas and other gaseous hydrocarbonsPetroleum gas and other gaseous hydrocarbons	0.2%
Pumps for liquids, whether or not fitted with a...Pumps for liquids, whether or not fitted with a measuring device (excl. ceramic pumps and secretion aspirating pumps for medical use and medical pumps carried on or implanted in the body); liquid elevators (excl. pumps); parts thereof	0.2%
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, incl...Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, incl. gloves, mittens and mitts, for all purposes, of vulcanised rubber (excl. hard rubber and footwear and headgear and parts thereof)	0.2%
Apparatus based on the use of x-rays or of alpha,...Apparatus based on the use of x-rays or of alpha, beta or gamma radiations, whether or not for medical, surgical, dental or veterinary uses, incl. radiography or radiotherapy apparatus, x-ray tubes and other x-ray generators, high tension generators, control panels and desks, screens, examination or treatment tables, chairs and the like	0.2%
Sauce and preparations therefor; mixed condiments...Sauce and preparations therefor; mixed condiments and mixed seasonings; mustard flour and meal, whether or not prepared, and mustard	0.2%
Compounds with other nitrogen function (excl....Compounds with other nitrogen function (excl. amine-function compounds; oxygen-function amino-compounds; quaternary ammonium salts and hydroxides; lecithin and other phosphoaminolipids; carboxyamide-function compounds; amide-function compounds of carbonic acid; carboxyimide-function, imine-function or nitrile-function compounds; diazo-, azo- or azoxy-compounds; organic derivatives of hydrazine or of hydroxylamine)	0.2%
Industrial monocarboxylic fatty acids; acid oils...Industrial monocarboxylic fatty acids; acid oils from refining; industrial fatty alcohols	0.2%
Instruments and apparatus for physical or chemical...Instruments and apparatus for physical or chemical analysis, e.g. polarimeters, refractometers, spectrometers, gas or smoke analysis apparatus; instruments and apparatus for measuring or checking viscosity, porosity, expansion, surface tension or the like; instruments and apparatus for measuring or checking quantities of heat, sound or light, incl. exposure meters; microtomes	0.2%
Electric motors and generators (excl. generating...Electric motors and generators (excl. generating sets)	0.2%
Angles, shapes and sections of iron or non-alloy...Angles, shapes and sections of iron or non-alloy steel, n.e.s.	0.2%
Trailers and semi-trailers; other vehicles, not...Trailers and semi-trailers; other vehicles, not mechanically propelled (excl. railway and tramway vehicles); parts thereof, n.e.s.	0.2%
Men's or boys' suits, ensembles, jackets, blazers,...Men's or boys' suits, ensembles, jackets, blazers, trousers, bib and brace overalls, breeches and shorts (excl. knitted or crocheted, wind-jackets and similar articles, separate waistcoats, tracksuits, ski suits and swimwear)	0.2%
Margarine, other edible mixtures or preparations...Margarine, other edible mixtures or preparations of animal or vegetable fats or oils and edible fractions of different fats or oils (excl. fats, oils and their fractions, partly or wholly hydrogenated, inter-esterified, re-esterified or elaidinised, whether or not refined, but not further prepared, and mixtures of olive oils and their fractions)	0.2%
Refrigerators, freezers and other refrigerating or...Refrigerators, freezers and other refrigerating or freezing equipment, electric or other; heat pumps; parts thereof (excl. air conditioning machines of heading 8415)	0.2%
Printed matter, incl. printed pictures and...Printed matter, incl. printed pictures and photographs, n.e.s.	0.2%
Beer made from maltBeer made from malt	0.2%
Machinery, plant or laboratory equipment whether...Machinery, plant or laboratory equipment whether or not electrically heated (excl. furnaces, ovens and other equipment of heading 8514), for the treatment of materials by a process involving a change of temperature such as heating, cooking, roasting, distilling, rectifying, sterilising, pasteurising, steaming, drying, evaporating, vaporising, condensing or cooling (excl. those used for domestic purposes); instantaneous or storage water heaters, non-electric; parts thereof	0.2%
Centrifuges, incl. centrifugal dryers (excl. those...Centrifuges, incl. centrifugal dryers (excl. those for isotope separation); filtering or purifying machinery and apparatus, for liquids or gases; parts thereof (excl. artificial kidneys)	0.2%
Inorganic or mineral colouring matter, n.e.s.;...Inorganic or mineral colouring matter, n.e.s.; preparations based on inorganic or mineral colouring matter of a kind used for colouring any material or produce colorant preparations (excl. preparations of heading 3207, 3208, 3209, 3210, 3213 and 3215); inorganic products of a kind used as luminophores, whether or not chemically defined	0.2%
Prepared binders for foundry moulds or cores;...Prepared binders for foundry moulds or cores; chemical products and preparations for the chemical or allied industries, incl. mixtures of natural products, n.e.s.	0.2%
Paper and paperboard, coated on one or both sides...Paper and paperboard, coated on one or both sides with kaolin "china clay" or other inorganic substances, with or without a binder, and with no other coating, whether or not surface-coloured, surface-decorated or printed, in rolls or in square or rectangular sheets, of any size (excl. all other coated papers and paperboards)	0.2%
Maize or cornMaize or corn	0.2%
Synthetic filament tow as specified in note 1 to...Synthetic filament tow as specified in note 1 to chapter 55	0.2%
Parts and accessories for motorcycles and bicycles...Parts and accessories for motorcycles and bicycles and for carriages for disabled persons, n.e.s.	0.2%
Sacks and bags, of a kind used for the packing of...Sacks and bags, of a kind used for the packing of goods, of all types of textile materials	0.2%
Boards, panels, consoles, desks, cabinets and...Boards, panels, consoles, desks, cabinets and other bases, equipped with two or more apparatus of heading 8535 or 8536, for electric control or the distribution of electricity, incl. those incorporating instruments or apparatus of chapter 90, and numerical control apparatus (excl. switching apparatus for line telephony or line telegraphy)	0.2%
Potatoes, fresh or chilledPotatoes, fresh or chilled	0.2%
Unwrought zinc :Unwrought zinc :	0.2%
Articles of iron or steel, n.e.s. (excl. cast...Articles of iron or steel, n.e.s. (excl. cast articles)	0.2%
Articles of plastics and articles of other...Articles of plastics and articles of other materials of heading 3901 to 3914, n.e.s.	0.1%
Halogenated derivatives of hydrocarbonsHalogenated derivatives of hydrocarbons	0.1%
Pasta, whether or not cooked or stuffed with meat...Pasta, whether or not cooked or stuffed with meat or other substances or otherwise prepared, such as spaghetti, macaroni, noodles, lasagne, gnocchi, ravioli, cannelloni; couscous, whether or not prepared	0.1%
Sodium hydroxide "caustic soda", potassium...Sodium hydroxide "caustic soda", potassium hydroxide "caustic potash"; peroxides of sodium or potassium	0.1%
Cartons, boxes, cases, bags and other packing...Cartons, boxes, cases, bags and other packing containers, of paper, paperboard, cellulose wadding or webs of cellulose fibres, n.e.s.; box files, letter trays, and similar articles, of paperboard of a kind used in offices, shops or the like	0.1%
Hand tools, the following: spades, shovels,...Hand tools, the following: spades, shovels, mattocks, picks, hoes, forks and rakes, of base metal; axes, billhooks and similar hewing tools, of base metal; poultry shears, secateurs and pruners of any kind, of base metal; scythes, sickles, hay knives, hedge shears, timber wedges and other tools of a kind used in agriculture, horticulture or forestry, of base metal	0.1%
Beauty or make-up preparations and preparations...Beauty or make-up preparations and preparations for the care of the skin, incl. sunscreen or suntan preparations (excl. medicaments); manicure or pedicure preparations	0.1%
Articles for interior furnishing, of all types of...Articles for interior furnishing, of all types of textile materials (excl. blankets and travelling rugs, bedlinen, table linen, toilet linen, kitchen linen, curtains, incl. drapes, interior blinds, curtain or bed valances, lampshades and articles of heading 9404)	0.1%
Float glass and surface ground or polished glass,...Float glass and surface ground or polished glass, in sheets, whether or not having an absorbent, reflecting or non-reflecting layer, but not otherwise worked	0.1%
Seeds, fruits and spores, for sowing (excl....Seeds, fruits and spores, for sowing (excl. leguminous vegetables and sweetcorn, coffee, tea, maté and spices, cereals, oil seeds and oleaginous fruits, and seeds and fruit used primarily in perfumery, medicaments or for insecticidal, fungicidal or similar purposes)	0.1%
Synthetic filament yarn, incl. synthetic...Synthetic filament yarn, incl. synthetic monofilaments of < 67 decitex (excl. sewing thread and yarn put up for retail sale)	0.1%
Parts suitable for use solely or principally with...Parts suitable for use solely or principally with the machinery of heading 8425 to 8430, n.e.s.	0.1%
Food preparations, n.e.s.Food preparations, n.e.s.	0.1%
Soap; organic surface-active products and...Soap; organic surface-active products and preparations for use as soap, in the form of bars, cakes, moulded pieces or shapes, whether or not containing soap; organic surface-active products and preparations for washing the skin, in the form of liquid or cream and put up for retail sale, whether or not containing soap; paper, wadding, felt and nonwovens, impregnated, coated or covered with soap or detergent	0.1%
Acrylic polymers, in primary formsAcrylic polymers, in primary forms	0.1%
Undenatured ethyl alcohol of an alcoholic strength...Undenatured ethyl alcohol of an alcoholic strength of < 80%; spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages (excl. compound alcoholic preparations of a kind used for the manufacture of beverages)	0.1%
Unwrought aluminiumUnwrought aluminium	0.1%
Rail locomotives (excl. those powered from an...Rail locomotives (excl. those powered from an external source of electricity or by accumulators); locomotive tenders	0.1%
Yeasts, active or inactive; other dead single-cell...Yeasts, active or inactive; other dead single-cell micro-organisms, prepared baking powders (excl. single-cell micro-organisms packaged as medicaments)	0.1%
Dried leguminous vegetables, shelled, whether or...Dried leguminous vegetables, shelled, whether or not skinned or split	0.1%
Live poultry, "fowls of the species gallus...Live poultry, "fowls of the species gallus domesticus, ducks, geese, turkeys and guinea fowls"	0.1%
Preparations for oral or dental hygiene, incl....Preparations for oral or dental hygiene, incl. denture fixative pastes and powders; yarn used to clean between the teeth "dental floss", in individual retail packages	0.1%
Trunks, suitcases, vanity cases, executive-cases,...Trunks, suitcases, vanity cases, executive-cases, briefcases, school satchels, spectacle cases, binocular cases, camera cases, musical instrument cases, gun cases, holsters and similar containers; travelling-bags, insulated food or beverage bags, toilet bags, rucksacks, handbags, shopping-bags, wallets, purses, map-cases, cigarette-cases, tobacco-pouches, tool bags, sports bags, bottle-cases, jewellery boxes, powder-boxes, cutlery cases and similar containers, of leather or of composition leather, of sheeting of plastics, of textile materials, of vulcanised fibre or of paperboard, or wholly or mainly covered with such materials or with paper	0.1%
Gas, liquid or electricity supply or production...Gas, liquid or electricity supply or production meters, incl. calibrating meters therefor	0.1%
Taps, cocks, valves and similar appliances for...Taps, cocks, valves and similar appliances for pipes, boiler shells, tanks, vats or the like, incl. pressure-reducing valves and thermostatically controlled valves; parts thereof	0.1%
Steam or other vapour generating boilers (excl....Steam or other vapour generating boilers (excl. central heating hot water boilers capable also of producing low pressure steam); superheated water boilers; parts thereof	0.1%
Lifting, handling, loading or unloading machinery,...Lifting, handling, loading or unloading machinery, e.g. lifts, escalators, conveyors, teleferics (excl. pulley tackle and hoists, winches and capstans, jacks, cranes of all kinds, mobile lifting frames and straddle carriers, works trucks fitted with a crane, fork-lift trucks and other works trucks fitted with lifting or handling equipment)	0.1%
Prepared pigments, prepared opacifiers and...Prepared pigments, prepared opacifiers and prepared colours, vitrifiable enamels and glazes, engobes, liquid lustres and similar preparations of a kind used in the ceramic, enamelling or glass industry; glass frit and other glass in the form of powder, granules or flakes	0.1%
Gypsum; anhydrite; plasters consisting of calcined...Gypsum; anhydrite; plasters consisting of calcined gypsum or calcium sulphate, whether or not coloured, with or without small quantities of accelerators or retarders	0.1%
Carbonates; peroxocarbonates "percarbonates";...Carbonates; peroxocarbonates "percarbonates"; commercial ammonium carbonate containing ammonium carbamate	0.1%
Paints and varnishes, incl. enamels and lacquers,...Paints and varnishes, incl. enamels and lacquers, based on synthetic polymers or chemically modified natural polymers, dispersed or dissolved in a non-aqueous medium; solutions of products of headings 3901 to 3913 in volatile organic solvents, containing > 50% solvent by weight (excl. solutions of collodion)	0.1%
Paper, paperboard, cellulose wadding and webs of...Paper, paperboard, cellulose wadding and webs of cellulose fibres, coated, impregnated, covered, surface-coloured, surface-decorated or printed, in rolls or in square or rectangular sheets, of any size (excl. goods of heading 4803, 4809 and 4810)	0.1%
Prefabricated buildings, whether or not complete...Prefabricated buildings, whether or not complete or already assembled	0.1%
Petroleum jelly, paraffin wax, micro- crystalline...Petroleum jelly, paraffin wax, micro- crystalline petroleum wax, slack wax, ozokerite, lignite wax, peat wax, other mineral waxes, and similar products obtained by synthesis or by other processes, whether or not coloured	0.1%
See More Products	64.7%

Source: Comtrade, Latest Available Data

To go further, check out our service Import-Export Flows.

Main Services

1.7 bn USD of services exported in 2021
TravelTravel +	55.07%
Personal travelPersonal travel	37.63%
OtherOther	34.60%
Business travelBusiness travel	17.44%
Government servicesGovernment services	13.16%
TransportationTransportation	10.33%
Other business servicesOther business services	9.65%
Construction servicesConstruction services	4.79%
Financial servicesFinancial services	2.67%
Computer and information servicesComputer and information services	2.47%
Royalties and license feesRoyalties and license fees	0.88%
Insurance servicesInsurance services	0.75%
Cultural and recreational servicesCultural and recreational services	0.24%

3.2 bn USD of services imported in 2021
TransportationTransportation	52.10%
Other business servicesOther business services	30.93%
TravelTravel +	7.98%
Business travelBusiness travel	4.28%
Personal travelPersonal travel	3.69%
OtherOther	39.93%
Construction servicesConstruction services	3.31%
Insurance servicesInsurance services	2.60%
Government servicesGovernment services	1.25%
Computer and information servicesComputer and information services	0.96%
Financial servicesFinancial services	0.51%
Cultural and recreational servicesCultural and recreational services	0.37%

Source: United Nations Statistics Division, Latest Available Data

Sources of General Economic Information

Ministries: Official list of ministries
Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development
Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development
Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Cooperatives
Ministry of Water and the Environment
Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities
Statistical Office: Uganda Bureau of Statistics – UBOS
Central Bank: Bank of Uganda
Stock Exchange: Uganda Securities Exchange (USE)
Search Engines: Google Uganda
Uganda Business Directory
Data.ug
Economic Portals: Financial Times
Uganda Business News

Political Outline

Current Political Leaders: President - Gen. Yoweri Kaguta Museveni (since 29 January 1986)
Vice President - Jessica Alupo (since 21 June 2021)
Prime Minister - Robinah Nabbanja (since 21 June 2021)
Next Election Dates: Presidential: 2026
Legislative: 2026
Main Political Parties: In 2005, Ugandans held a referendum and voted for a return to multi-party politics. Before that, only one political organisation, the National Resistance Movement, was allowed to operate in the country.
However, the National Resistance Movement (also known simply as the Movement) is still the ruling political party in Uganda. The party was originally founded as a liberation movement to oppose dictatorial regimes. In the 2021 general election, the Movement obtained 336 out of 529 seats.
Other major parties include the National Unity Platform (the main opposition party, with 57 seats in the Parliament), the Forum for Democratic Change (opposition party, 32 seats); the Democratic Party (moderate conservative, with 9 seats in the Parliament) and the Uganda People's Congress (which also holds 9 seats in the Parliament).
Other minor parties in the country are: Justice Forum (JEEMA), People's Progressive Party (PPP), and Alliance for National Transformation (ANT).
Type of State: Democratic Republic influenced by the country's army.
Executive Power: The Ugandan President holds executive power; he assumes the functions of head of state, head of government, and commander-in-chief of the armed forces. The President is responsible for the appointment of Cabinet, as well as the implementation and enforcement of laws drafted by Parliament. The president is elected for a five-year term, with the possibility of reelection without any term limits.
Legislative Power: According to the 1995 Constitution, the legislative power is vested in both the government and the National Assembly. The term of the unicameral Parliament is seven years from the date of its first sitting after a general election. Currently, the Ugandan Parliament is composed of 529 representatives: 353 of those seats are filled using first-past-the-post voting in single winner constituencies, 146 are reserved for women, and the remaining 30 seats are indirectly filled via special electoral colleges: 10 by the Uganda People's Defence Forces, 5 by the youth, 5 by the elderly, 5 by people with disabilities, and 5 by workers unions. In each of these groups, at least one woman must be elected (except for the Defence Force group, which must have at least two women).

Indicator of Freedom of the Press

Definition

Definition:

The world rankings, published annually, measures violations of press freedom worldwide. It reflects the degree of freedom enjoyed by journalists, the media and digital citizens of each country and the means used by states to respect and uphold this freedom. Finally, a note and a position are assigned to each country. To compile this index, Reporters Without Borders (RWB) prepared a questionnaire incorporating the main criteria (44 in total) to assess the situation of press freedom in a given country. This questionnaire was sent to partner organisations,150 RWB correspondents, journalists, researchers, jurists and human rights activists. It includes every kind of direct attacks against journalists and digital citizens (murders, imprisonment, assault, threats, etc.) or against the media (censorship, confiscation, searches and harassment etc.).

World Rank:: 125/180

Indicator of Political Freedom

Definition

Definition:

The Indicator of Political Freedom provides an annual evaluation of the state of freedom in a country as experienced by individuals. The survey measures freedom according to two broad categories: political rights and civil liberties. The ratings process is based on a checklist of 10 political rights questions (on Electoral Process, Political Pluralism and Participation, Functioning of Government) and 15 civil liberties questions (on Freedom of Expression, Belief, Associational and Organizational Rights, Rule of Law, Personal Autonomy and Individual Rights). Scores are awarded to each of these questions on a scale of 0 to 4, where a score of 0 represents the smallest degree and 4 the greatest degree of rights or liberties present. The total score awarded to the political rights and civil liberties checklist determines the political rights and civil liberties rating. Each rating of 1 through 7, with 1 representing the highest and 7 the lowest level of freedom, corresponds to a range of total scores.

Ranking:: Partly Free
Political Freedom:: 6/7

Political freedom in the world (interactive map)
Source: Freedom in the World Report, Freedom House

COVID-19 Country Response

Travel restrictions: Regularly updated travel information for all countries with regards to Covid-19 related entry regulations, flight bans, test and vaccines requirements is available on TravelDoc Infopage.
To find information about the current travel regulations, including health requirements, it is also advised to consult Travel Regulations Map provided and updated on a daily basis by IATA.
Import & export restrictions: A general overview of trade restrictions which were adopted by different countries during the COVID-19 pandemic is available on the International Trade Centre's COVID-19 Temporary Trade Measures webpage.
Economic recovery plan: For the general overview of the key economic policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic (fiscal, monetary and macroeconomic) undertaken by the government of Uganda, please consult the country's dedicated section in the IMF’s Policy Tracker platform.
Support plan for businesses: For an evaluation of impact of the Covid pandemic on SMEs and an inventory of country responses to foster SME resilience, refer to the OECD's SME Covid-19 Policy Responses document.
You can also consult the World Bank's Map of SME-Support Measures in Response to COVID-19.

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