Romania: Operating a Business

Setting Up a Company

Societate cu raspundere limitata (Limited Liability Company): Number of partners: Minimum of 1 partner with a maximum of 50
Capital (max/min): No capital minimum.
Shareholders and liability: Liability is limited to the amount of investment.
Societate pe actiuni or SA (Public Company): Number of partners: Minimum of 2 shareholders.
Capital (max/min): At least RON 90,000
Shareholders and liability: Liability is limited to the amount of investment.
Societate in nume colectiv or SNC (General Partnership): Number of partners: Minimum 2 partners: One general partner and one limited partner
Capital (max/min): No capital minimum.
Shareholders and liability: Unlimited liability for partnership.
Societate in comandita simpla (Limited Liability Partnership): Number of partners: Minimum 2 partners: one general partner and one limited partner
Capital (max/min): No capital minimum.
Shareholders and liability: Liability limited to partnership capital for limited partners; unlimited for general partners.

Setting Up a Company	Romania	Eastern Europe & Central Asia
Procedures (number)	6.0	5.3
Time (days)	20.0	11.8

Source: Doing Business.

Business Setup Procedures: Consult the Doing Business Website, to know about procedures to start a Business in Romania.
Trade Register

	2018	2019	2020
Labour Force	9,055,051	9,016,354	8,967,558

Source: International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT database

Source: International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT database

For Further Statistics: Romania National Institute of Statistics
Ministry of Labour
For Further Information About the Labour Market: European Commission, Information on the labour market

Legal Weekly Duration: According to the Romanian Labour Code, working hours must be uniform: 8 hours per day for 5 days with 2 days off per week. The minimum length of annual vacation is 20 work days.
Retirement Age: 60 years old for women and 65 years old for men.
Working Contracts: The employment contract is regulated by laws and, to a lesser extent, by collective agreements and individual cases.
The formalisation of the work contract and employment conditions are extremely rigid.
Romania has the same main types of work contracts known in Western Europe: the contract for an indefinite duration, the contract for a fixed-term of employment and the contract from an agency placing temporary workers. One can also work part time or at home.
Note: it is prohibited to employ minors under the age of 15.
Labour Laws: Consult the Doing Business Website, to obtain a summary of the labour regulations that apply to local entreprises.

Minimum Wage: In 2021, the minimum wage is around RON 2,300 per month (EUR 458.07) according to the data from Eurostat.
Average Wage: According to data from the National Institute of Statistics of Romania, the monthly gross average salary stands at RON 5,549 in 2021.
Social Contributions: Social Security Contributions Paid By Employers: Work insurance: 2.25%
Social Security Contributions Paid By Employees: Pension: 25%
Health fund: 10%

Social Dialogue and Involvement of Social Partners: Trade unions play a relatively important role in the Romanian work sector. The unions include the National Free Trade Union Confederation of Romania (C.N.S.L.R.- FRÃTIA) and the Alfa Cartel.
Labour Unions: IndustriAll Global Union
C.N.S.L.R.- FRÃTIA
Unionisation Rate: About 40% of employees are unionised.
Labour Regulation Bodies: Ministry of Labour

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